Windmill



2 Sheets-. Sheet l. P. C. HALL.

(No Model.)

WINDMILL.

Patented Aug. 17,1897..

| IIII/ (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 21.

P. C. HALL. WINDMILL.

No. 588,143. Patented Aug. 1'7, 1897.

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`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER C. HALL, OF BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO RUSH WIRT, OF SAME PLACE.

WINDMILL.

- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters :Patent No. 588,143, dated August 17, 189'?. Application led August 31, 1896. vSerial No. 604,493. (No model.)

.To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, PETER C. HALL, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at 34 Hanvover street, Battle Creek, in the county of Calhoun and State of Michigan, have .invented a new and useful Vindmill, of which the following isa specification. Y

This invention relates to wind-engines .of the type commonly designated as horizontal windmills,and in which the sails or buckets feather in order to secure the maximum amount of wind force and offer the least resistance to the sails or buckets on their return trip, whereby a maximum y amount of effective energy is attained.

The obj ect of this invention is the construction of a wind-engine of the character afore said whichwill operate in a comparatively light wind and which will insure the feathering of the sails and hold them in proper position to be thrown into the wind when receiving the force of the latter to propel the engine.

For a full understanding of the merits and advantages of the invention reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings and the following description.

The improvement is susceptible of various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages thereof, and to a full disclosure of the invention an adaptation thereof is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a windengine especially designed for attaining the objects of this invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing the relative disposition of the sails or buckets when the engine is in operation, the direction of the Wind being indicated by the arrow. Fig. 3 is a detail view of a sail or bucket, the outer end of the arm to which it is attached, and the mountings for connecting the sail to its supporting-arm. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the means for converting the rotary motion of the wheelshaft into a reciprocating motion. Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the parts illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated in the several views of the accompanying drawings by the same reference-characters.

The tower or derrick 1 is of ordinary construction and has a cross-bar 2 near its lower end to provide a support for the lower end of the wind-wheel shaft 3 and the frame 4, supporting the cross-head 5, to which the pumprod 6 is attached. The wind-wheel shaft 3 is stepped or otherwise journaled at its lower end upon the cross-bar 2 and obtains a bearingA near its upper end in the top portion of the tower or derrick.

The wind-wheel is secured to the upper end of the shaft 3 and comprises a series of radiating arms 7, which are braced and connected near their outer ends by wires 8 and which are supported by stay-wires 9, which connect at their inner ends with a vertical extension of the shaft 3. The sails or buckets 10 have a hinge or pivotal connection with the outer ends of the arms 7 andare strengthened by cleats or strips 11, secured thereto a short distance from their opposite ends, thereby enabling the sails to be constructed of thin and light wood or of sheet metal. Brackets 12 are disposed in parallel relation and are secured to a face or side of each sail a short distance from the ends and are formed between their ends with vertical bearings 1.3 in coincident relationV to receive the journals at the extremities of rods or bars 14, projecting from the opposite sides of the arms 7. These rods or bars 14 are secured to the end portions of the arms 7 in any substantial way and, as

shown, have their inner ends bent and bolted thereto, the same bolts passing through vcorresponding openings in the bent ends of the parts 14 and arms 7. Flat springs 15 are secured at one end to a side of the arms 7, and their free ends project a short distance beyond the extremities of the arms 7 and stand away from the latter and are bent, as shown at 16, to'make positive engagement with the free en ds of corresponding flat springs 17, secured to a side or face of the sails 10, the terminal portions of the springs 17 curving or being bent so as to engage with the bent terminals of the springs 15. The'combined action of the springs 15 and 17 serves to cause a polsitive feathering of the sails and to prevent the latter swinging to the wrong side of the arms under the action of the wind when the engine IOO is performing service. The sails are hinged or pivoted so that the effective wind-surface is greater to one side of the axial line, so that the action of the wind will overcome the normal tendency of the springs 15 and 17 and throw the sails full into the wind when the latter is impelling the same forward and driving the engine. As shown, the wind-surface is about in the proportion of one-third to one side of the axial line and two-thirds on the opposite side. The springs 17 may be strips of metal, in which case their bent ends will have openings to receive the bent ends 16, or they may be formed of spring-Wire which is doubled upon itself, the fold or bightengaging with and receiving the bent ends 16. The opposing ends of the springs 15 and 17 meet at a point to one side of the axial line of the sails and on the wide side thereof and normally exert a force to throw the sails out of the wind and act as stops to prevent the sails turning too far and vgetting on the opposite .side of the arms to that intended.

The frame 4L has suitable guideways to give proper direction to the cross-head 5 in its reciprocating movements and is firmly secured to the tower or derrick. The cross-head 5 is provided on the side adjacent to the shaft 3 with laterally-extending rollers 18, which are spaced apart and between which operates a cam or serpentine rim 19, secured to the shaft 3. Arms or spokes 2O connect the rim 19 with a hub 2l, and the latter is adjustable on the shaft 3, being secured thereto in the adjusted position by a binding-screw 22. Upon loosening the binding-screw 22 the cam may be adjusted vertically within certain limits,

thereby adapting the cam and cross-head to the stroke and position of the power-transmitting rod 6. As shown, the rim is formed with VShaped depressions 23 at diametrically opposite points and With similar V-shped projections 24 intermediate of the depressions 23, whereby in a complete revolution of the cam or Wind-wheel shaft the cross-head 5 will have imparted -thereto two complete re-l Y ciprocatin g movements. By constructing the cam dierently the stroke and movement of the cross-head may be varied, as will be readily understood.

IIaving thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is- 1. In a wind-engine, the combination with supporting-arms, and feathering sails, of co-V operating springs attached to the sails and their supporting-arms to throw the sails outl of the Wind and prevent them from turning too far, substantially in the manner set forth. 

